Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a developmental condition that affects how a person communicates, behaves and interacts with others. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, about 1 in 100 Australians is diagnosed with autism. Early signs of autism often appear between the ages of 12 months and 5 years, with males diagnosed more frequently than females.
Recognising these early signs is crucial. With early diagnosis, children can access support services under the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), begin early intervention and build strong foundations for communication, learning and independence.
In this blog, we explore the different types of autism, the most common early signs and what families can do if they notice symptoms in their child.
Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
ASD refers to a broad range of conditions that affect development. Children on the autism spectrum may experience challenges with social interaction, communication, sensory processing and repetitive behaviours. The way autism appears varies from child to child this is why it is called a “spectrum.”
Let us take a closer look at the different types of autism often discussed in clinical settings.
Types of Autism Diagnoses
Asperger Syndrome
Previously recognised as a separate diagnosis, Asperger syndrome is now included under ASD. Children with Asperger’s typically have average or above-average intelligence but may struggle with social skills, non-verbal communication and develop intense interests in specific topics.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
This is the official diagnosis used in Australia. ASD covers a wide range of symptoms and levels of support needs. Children may experience language delays, difficulty with social communication, repetitive behaviours and sensory sensitivities.
Rett Syndrome
This rare neurological disorder primarily affects girls. After normal early development, children with Rett syndrome begin to lose motor and communication skills, often showing repetitive hand movements and, in some cases, seizures.
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD)
As the rarest and most severe form of autism, CDD involves a dramatic regression in multiple areas communication, motor skills and social behaviours after at least two years of typical development.
Early Signs of Autism in Children
While every child is different, several early indicators of autism are commonly observed. Recognising these signs can help families seek professional diagnosis and early intervention services.
Limited Eye Contact
Children with autism may avoid eye contact or fail to engage visually during social interactions. This may become noticeable within the first year of life.
Does not Respond to Their Name
By 12 months, most children respond when their name is called. A lack of response can indicate a delay in receptive language development, even when hearing is normal.
Avoids Physical Affection
Many autistic children prefer not to be touched or hugged, even by close family members. This is often due to sensory sensitivities, not emotional detachment.
Difficulty Understanding Emotions
Children with ASD may struggle to recognise and express emotions, both their own and others’. This can affect how they form connections and respond in social situations.
Repetitive Language (Echolalia)
Echolalia is when a child repeats words, sounds, or phrases, often out of context. This can be a form of communication or a coping mechanism when under stress.
Resistance to Changes in Routine
Children on the autism spectrum often rely on routines. Even small changes, such as altering their bedtime or daily schedule, may cause significant distress.
Intense or Obsessive Interests
Autistic children may develop highly focused interests, such as train schedules, animals, or collecting specific objects. These interests often provide comfort and predictability.
Repetitive Movements (Stimming)
Behaviours such as hand-flapping, spinning, rocking, or walking on tiptoes are common. These self-stimulatory behaviours help regulate emotions and sensory input.
Sensory Processing Differences
Children with autism may be over- or under-sensitive to sensory experiences. Loud sounds, certain textures, or bright lights may overwhelm them, leading to discomfort or avoidance behaviours.
When to Seek Help for Autism
If your child shows several of these early signs, it is important to speak with your GP or paediatrician. They can provide referrals for developmental assessments and guide you through the diagnostic process.
Early diagnosis and intervention are critical. The earlier autism is identified, the sooner families can access NDIS-funded services, including:
- Speech therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Behavioural support
- Early childhood intervention programs
These services help children develop key life skills, improve communication and promote emotional and behavioural regulation.
How Early Intervention Makes a Difference
Early intervention plays a crucial role in supporting children with autism. Research shows that children who receive therapy and structured support during their early years of experience:
- Better communication skills
- Improved social interaction
- Stronger adaptive behaviours
- Increased independence
By acting early, parents and carers can build a support system that helps their child reach their full potential.
Living with Autism: Building a Supportive Future
While autism is a lifelong condition, many children go on to live happy, fulfilling lives with the right support. Autism presents differently in each child, so care must be tailored to the individual’s needs, goals and strengths.
Building a support team that includes family, educators, therapists and NDIS providers ensures that the child receives consistent and person-centred support across all environments.
Remember, early signs are not always a diagnosis but they are signals worth paying attention to.
About Hope & Care Community Services
Hope & Care Community Services (HCCS) is a trusted, registered NDIS provider in Queensland, supporting children and families living with autism. We specialise in person-centred disability support, early intervention and tailored services that help each child thrive. At HCCS, we work closely with families to create personalised care plans and deliver services that promote long-term growth, wellbeing and inclusion. Our team is committed to empowering individuals with autism to live confident, independent lives.
Want to learn more? Read other articles :
- Redefine Independence your own way – with HCCS
- Who’s Who: The Key Terms of Your NDIS Plan
- Foundational Supports: Building Blocks of NDIS Success
HCCS is a registered NDIS provider. Learn more about our services.
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